General Chemistry I The Densities of Solids and Liquids - g ml to g l

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General Chemistry I
The Densities of Solids and Liquids
The density of a material may be defined as mass per unit volume. The units generally
used for solids and liquids are g/mL, for gases g/L. The density values of some solids, liquids
and gases near room temperature are listed below (Table 1).
Substance Density at 20C Substance Density at 20C
air 1.29 g/L titanium 4.54 g/mL
ethanol 0.7893 g/mL gold 19.3 g/mL
acetone 0.7899 g/mL iridium 22.65 g/mL
water 1.0000 g/mL (4C) sodium 0.968 g/mL
methanol 0.7928 g/mL iron 7.86 g/mL
octane 0.7028 g/mL nickel 8.90 g/mL
glycerol 1.2613 g/mL silicon 2.33 g/mL (25C)
mercury 13.5939 g/mL diamond 3.513 g/mL (25C)
The densities of solids and liquids change slightly with temperature, in general,
decreasing with increasing temperature. This can be explained by the change in volume with
temperature, since the mass of a material does not depend on temperature. The density of gases
varies greatly with temperature, since the volume of gases may vary considerably with
temperature.
The mass of the material may be found in the laboratory by the use of a balance. Because
of common convention, the mass determined will be called weight. The volume of a liquid
material may be accurately obtained by the use of a pipet, whose volume may be exactly
reproduced from experiment to experiment. Solid volumes may be determined by direct
measurement if the solid has a regular geometric shape. The volume of irregularly shaped solids
may be determined by measuring the amount of liquid that is displaced when the solid is placed
in a liquid. This assumes, of course, that the solid neither reacts with the liquid nor floats in it.
Reading a High-Form Balance
All measurements made on the high-form balance should be made to the thousandth of a
gram. That is, all the masses must have three digits after the decimal point. The idealized
balance below shows a mass of 173.704 g.
0 100 200 g
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 g
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 g
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1g
Revised 8/4/2018 1
General Chemistry I
The Densities of Solids and Liquids
Reading a Graduated Cylinder
The 10 mL graduated cylinder you will use typically can be read to 0.02 mL. Each
reading from it must therefore have two digits after the decimal point. The volume must be read
from the bottom of the meniscus, shown in the picture below by the arrow. The idealized
graduated cylinder below contains a volume of 7.72 mL. (If your graduated cylinder is different
from the one pictured below, see the instructor.)
10
mL
9
8
bottom of the meniscus
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
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General Chemistry I
The Densities of Solids and Liquids
Table 2: Absolute Density of Water (g/mL)
Degrees 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 0.999841 847 854 860 866 872 878 884 889 895
1 900 905 909 914 918 923 927 930 934 938
2 941 944 947 950 953 955 958 960 962 964
3 965 967 968 969 970 971 972 972 973 973
4 973 973 973 972 972 972 970 969 968 966
5 965 963 961 959 957 955 952 950 947 944
6 941 938 935 931 927 924 920 916 911 907
7 902 898 893 888 883 877 872 866 861 855
8 849 843 837 830 824 817 810 803 796 789
9 781 774 766 758 751 742 734 726 717 709
10 700 691 682 673 664 654 645 635 625 615
11 605 595 585 574 564 553 542 531 520 509
12 498 486 475 463 451 439 427 415 402 390
13 377 364 352 339 326 312 299 285 272 258
14 244 230 216 202 188 173 159 144 129 114
15 099 084 069 054 038 023 007 *991 *975 *959
16 0.998943 926 910 893 877 860 843 826 809 792
17 774 757 739 722 704 686 668 650 632 613
18 593 576 558 539 520 501 482 463 444 424
19 405 385 365 345 325 305 285 265 244 224
20 203 183 162 141 120 099 073 056 035 013
21 0.997992 970 948 926 904 882 860 837 815 792
22 770 747 724 701 678 655 632 608 585 561
23 538 514 490 466 442 418 394 369 345 320
24 296 271 246 221 196 171 146 120 095 069
25 044 018 *992 *967 *941 *914 *888 *862 *836 *809
26 0.996783 756 729 703 676 649 621 594 567 540
27 512 485 457 429 401 373 345 317 289 261
28 232 204 175 147 118 089 060 031 002 *973
29 0.995944 914 885 855 826 796 766 736 706 676
30 646 616 586 555 525 494 464 433 402 371
Each value from this table is good to six significant figures.
Revised 8/4/2018 3


How do you convert g mol to G L?“Since both of them are per liter....then all you need to do is a one step conversion of moles into grams using the molar mass...essentially you are going to multiply the mol/L by the molar mass in grams of the given substance”... Molarity is moles per liter, multiply by the molar mass in grams per mole and you’re there.

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