Predicate logic - University of Pittsburgh - predicate logic proof calculator

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CS 441 Discrete Mathematics for CS
Lecture 5
Predicate logic
Milos Hauskrecht
milos@cs.pitt.edu
5329 Sennott Square
CS 441 Discrete mathematics for CS M. Hauskrecht
Negation of quantifiers
English statement:
? Nothing is perfect.
? Translation: ? x Perfect(x)
Another way to express the same meaning:
? Everything ...
M. Hauskrecht
1
Negation of quantifiers
English statement:
? Nothing is perfect.
? Translation: ? x Perfect(x)
Another way to express the same meaning:
? Everything is imperfect.
? Translation: x ? Perfect(x)
Conclusion: ? x P (x) is equivalent to x ? P(x)
M. Hauskrecht
Negation of quantifiers
English statement:
? It is not the case that all dogs are fleabags.
? Translation: ? x Dog(x) Fleabag(x)
Another way to express the same meaning:
? There is a dog that ...
M. Hauskrecht
2
Negation of quantifiers
English statement:
? It is not the case that all dogs are fleabags.
? Translation: ? x Dog(x) Fleabag(x)
Another way to express the same meaning:
? There is a dog that is not a fleabag.
? Translation: x Dog(x) ? Fleabag(x)
? Logically equivalent to:
- x ? ( Dog(x) Fleabag(x) )
Conclusion: ? x P (x) is equivalent to x ? P(x)
M. Hauskrecht
Negation of quantified statements
(aka DeMorgan Laws for quantifiers)
Negation Equivalent
?x P(x) x ?P(x)
?x P(x) x ?P(x)
M. Hauskrecht
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